E304 Architectural styles – Gothic

An architectural style is characterized by the features that make a building or other structure notable and historically identifiable. A style may include such elements as form, method of construction, building materials, and regional character. Most architecture can be classified as a chronology of styles which change over time reflecting changing fashions, beliefs and religions, or the emergence of new ideas, technology, or materials which make new styles possible.

Styles therefore emerge from the history of a society and are documented in the subject of architectural history. At any time several styles may be fashionable, and when a style changes it usually does so gradually, as architects learn and adapt to new ideas. Styles often spread to other places, so that the style at its source continues to develop in new ways while other countries follow with their own twist. 

The Gothic architectural style developed from the Romanesque style in the 12th century in France and England. It became the de facto architectural style in Europe in the High and Late Middle Ages until it was replaced by the Renaissance style in the 15th and 16th centuries.

The defining design element of Gothic architecture is the pointed or ogival arch, the use of rib vault and flying buttresses, combined with elaborate tracery and stained glass windows.

Most notable buildings are: Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral, Chartres Cathedral (France), Reims Cathedral (France), Cologne Cathedral (Germany).

For information about other architectural styles, use the links at the end of the chapter.